Vocal Fry Register (Strohbass)
Gentle Undertones
Definition
Vocal fry (or pulse register, strohbass) is a vocal technique that creates subharmonic undertones an octave or more below the modal voice by modulating the vocal cord vibration mode.
Modulation of the Vocal Cord Vibration
It is a vibration mode of the vocal cords. Vocal fry technique was studied in detail by Leonardo Fuks in his dissertation . He calls the vocal fry “periodic pulse register”. You get this relatively soft sound when the voice relaxes and starts to rattle, which can happen unintentionally when the voice gets tired. The same thing happens in yodeling when one slowly reaches the limit of flipping the modal voice into falsetto, i.e., the edge of full vibration to the vibration of the ligamentous edges of the vocal cords.
Two Octaves Below
The Art of Leonardo Fuks
This unique sound sample comes from Leonardo Fuks (courtesy). He sings down to the 5th subharmonic, i.e. he produces a tone that has only one fifth of the frequency of the fundamental of his vocal chords.
The picture shows the spectral analysis of this recording (Overtone Analyzer). From left to right you find the fundamental, then the 1st subharmonic, the 2nd subharmonic and so on until the fifth subharmonic. As you can see, not all perceived tones have a fundamental. The ear only needs a section of the partial tone series to perceive it (residual tone effect). Fuks sings the same fundamental B3 all the time.
Speaking with Vocal Fry
A Recent Habit Of Actors
In both speaking and classical singing, this effect is usually undesirable. I personally find the vocal fry technique very soothing and relaxing for the voice. It only works when you are completely relaxed, making it ideal for a quick, gentle warm-up. I have discovered that I can produce two qualities of straw bass: a quiet, relaxed one and a louder one, which causes tension in my larynx. Studies are still pending, but I suspect that the cartilage plays a role in the louder case. (Finally confirmed; see the Video “Strohbass vs. Kargyraa”)
For some American actors, vocal fry in speaking voice seems to be becoming popular:
Vocal Fry
Vocal fry – but some people don’t seem to like it.
The Vocal Fry Epidemic
Vocal fry – New trend among American actresses?
Natalie Portman Black Swan Interview
How to Sing Vocal Fry
One achieves this relatively quiet sound when the voice relaxes and begins to creak, which occasionally occurs unintentionally when the voice is tired. The same happens when yodelling, if one slowly goes to the limit of switching the voice into falsetto, i.e. to the limit of the full vibration to the vibration of the ligamentous edges of the vocal cords. The rattling can be cultivated so that the voice virtually locks onto the lower note. This then makes it possible to sing a part an octave below the singing pitch, which is sometimes helpful in choral singing.
Literature & Sources
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Further Reading
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