Umngqokolo of the Xhosa
Overtone singing umngqokolo of the Xhosa women is polyphonic. The fundamental is sung as an alternating whole-tone note. The bass is produced by undersound throat singing, which is technically equivalent to the kargyraa of the Tuvan people. The overtone melody is conducted above it alternately in parallel and in counterpart.
ARecordings by Prof. Dr. Dave Dargie in South Africa 1985 to 1998. Nowxayilethi Mbizweni sings the song Nondel’ekhaya in umngqokolo, umngqokolo ngomqangi style and in a normal voice.
The polyphony in the sheet music:
Sound sequence from the video from minute 3:50
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