{"id":15284,"date":"2013-05-13T17:56:57","date_gmt":"2013-05-13T15:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/overtone-singing\/undertone-singing\/"},"modified":"2025-07-11T15:18:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T13:18:26","slug":"undertone-singing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/undertone-singing\/","title":{"rendered":"Undertone Singing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='flex_column av-2sgd6g-3a22d16da7861f451f84c16e1fd4af41 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2is120-31254008fe1b992e1bef64c5f9069822\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2is120-31254008fe1b992e1bef64c5f9069822{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2is120-31254008fe1b992e1bef64c5f9069822 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2is120-31254008fe1b992e1bef64c5f9069822 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2is120-31254008fe1b992e1bef64c5f9069822 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Undertone Singing<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Vocal Fry (Strohbass) vs. Throat Singing<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2fyrzs-41f292c3d30b8d849f753c6512a1c3e5 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_four_fifth  el_before_av_two_fifth  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='hr av-vqq94-00596ba006d3a2b3ae3932408190968c hr-default  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-233ffs-6a658d85a3f4982b343d906743397cd8  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Definition: Undertone Singing\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Definition: Undertone Singing<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Undertone singing refers to techniques that produce <strong>pitches below the modal voice<\/strong>. These techniques extend the vocal range down by an octave or more.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-35128w-2c0a0bdb4ecc0869d60f1036c2b0f4ef\">\n.flex_column.av-35128w-2c0a0bdb4ecc0869d60f1036c2b0f4ef{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-35128w-2c0a0bdb4ecc0869d60f1036c2b0f4ef av_two_fifth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2vx0u0-b9d4105333cc7c7dfa52cc08fe44b44e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" >\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1yidb4-bf2bcbcce4c96d7495b966eb16ba6622 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_two_fifth  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-1qtuu0-6b05e771887cff23ad78f10421e7cc68 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There are two fundamentally different vocal techniques for undertone singing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vocal fry (Strohbass)<\/strong>: Vibrational mode of the vocal chords is changed. This technique can be used to sing a series of undertones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kargyraa (Throat singing)<\/strong>: Ventricular folds or aryepiglottic folds vibrate along with the vocal cords.b\u00e4ndern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1n1v00-c1d7cc904df93a12c058127866559ed3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-1gzpls-01c87165cf2f3f1de2f15ee8947c40ec '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_gZGMSQljmk<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Strohbass vs. throat singing<\/strong>, comparison of both undertone singing techniques by means of video endoscopy of Wolfgang Saus&#8217; voice. Video: <a title=\"Dr. med. Andreas Seimer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marienhospital-stuttgart.de\/fachbereiche\/therapeutische-abteilungen\/phoniatrie-und-paedaudiologie.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. med. Andreas Seimer<\/a>, Phoniatrics at the Marienhospital Stuttgart, during the Stuttgarter Stimmtage 2006.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-r2k8o-e9e96929322afa55bb2cf7d3c04429d8 hr-default  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_three_fifth '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2o3a34-90fe63903298cc98eb3099ff3b60eb62 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv3nonn-1d62d900d5d08d4202cacfc85d7d345d av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-13  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Vocal Fry (Strohbass)<\/h2><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Gentle Undertones<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-2jmp80-d52bd10541a51d92975e754cac583d9a hr-default  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_icon_box '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-2f7gyw-3ca438a0005d0a694ea459690a052be6  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Definition Vocal Fry (Strohbass)\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Definition Vocal Fry (Strohbass)<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Vocal fry is a vocal technique that produces undertones, or subharmonics, an octave or more below the modal voice. This is achieved by <strong>modulating the vibration mode of the vocal cords<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-29eilc-8fb535929cda1bd0317237362811c633 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv3nzjv-99e9455231ed7405bb259e90770f9e88 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-17  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Modulation of Vocal Cord Oscillation<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-20852o-e319e942865ebf8cc2b9bdb2fcfc714a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>It is a vibration modulation of the vocal cords. Leonardo Fuks studied the vocal fry technique in detail in his dissertation <span class=\"zp-InText-zp-ID--935790-CSM83DW7--wp15284 zp-InText-Citation loading\" rel=\"{ 'pages': 'np', 'items': '{935790:CSM83DW7}', 'format': '(%a%, %d%, %p%)', 'brackets': '', 'etal': '', 'separator': '', 'and': '' }\"><\/span>. Fuks calls it a &#8220;periodic pulse register.&#8221; This relatively soft sound occurs when the voice relaxes and begins to rattle. This can happen unintentionally when the voice becomes tired. The same thing happens when you reach the limit of the modal voice folding over into the falsetto tone while yodeling\u2014i.e., when the voice transitions from full vibration to edge vibration of the vocal cords.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1ycesw-556d582e6e31b605aa6c7c9b52dbe781 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv3o768-decbb0576ae36480926054ad5f1e59de av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_image  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Two octaves lower<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>The art of Leonardo Fuks<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1oi0bc-32c682aa97e7fa822a90abc82690f940\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1oi0bc-32c682aa97e7fa822a90abc82690f940 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1oi0bc-32c682aa97e7fa822a90abc82690f940 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-1oi0bc-32c682aa97e7fa822a90abc82690f940 av-styling- av-img-linked avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 pop-up avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-1030x579.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-450x253.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2.jpg 1280w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='Sound analysis of Leonardo Fuks&#039; undertone scale.'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-7009 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7009 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2.jpg\" alt='Sound analysis of Leonardo Fuks&#039; undertone scale' title='Sound analysis of Leonardo Fuks&#039; undertone scale.'  height=\"720\" width=\"1280\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/fry_fucks_12345_analysis_de2-450x253.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1lhljc-82f900c1ca928e97df16c1fe0b6daf3d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-15284-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fuks-fry.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fuks-fry.mp3\">https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Fuks-fry.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>This unique sound sample comes from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.speech.kth.se\/music\/publications\/leofuks\/leosounds.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leonardo Fuks<\/a> (courtesy). He sings down to the 5th subharmonic, i.e. he produces a tone that has only one fifth of the frequency of the fundamental of his vocal chords.<\/p>\n<p>The picture shows the spectral analysis of this recording (Overtone Analyzer). From left to right you find the fundamental, then the 1st subharmonic, the 2nd subharmonic and so on until the fifth subharmonic. As you can see, not all perceived tones have a fundamental. The ear only needs a section of the partial tone series to perceive it (residual tone effect). Fuks sings the same fundamental B3 all the time.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-5bhnk-758249a30c8e6663ee52c4745ce53804 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv3ol7t-179ed630786da4ef5d62aa477fe0ee9c av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-24  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Vocal Fry when Speaking<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>A Recent Habit Of Actors<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-16c4yo-b7c85d07888f272f951204cbd328febe '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In both speaking and classical singing, this effect is usually undesirable. I personally find the vocal fry technique very soothing and relaxing for the voice. It only works when you are completely relaxed, making it ideal for a quick, gentle warm-up. I have discovered that I can produce two qualities of straw bass: a quiet, relaxed one and a louder one, which causes tension in my larynx. Studies are still pending, but I suspect that the cartilage plays a role in the louder case. (Finally confirmed; see the <a title=\"Untertongesang\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/obertongesang\/stile\/untertongesang\/\">Video &#8220;Strohbass vs. Kargyraa&#8221;<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>For some American actors, vocal fry in speaking voice seems to be becoming popular:<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WDfJn1kcQuU<\/p>\n<p><em>Vocal fry &#8211; but some people don&#8217;t seem to like it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=UsE5mysfZsY<\/p>\n<p><em>Vocal fry &#8211; New trend among American actresses?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gmRf0VoIxmw&amp;t=87s<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1253go-15faa4f8c42266fdbd1d88ae26744795 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv3otc1-4c6ce5cbc7f5d063418efe76457f6ee7 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-27  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >How to Sing Vocal Fry<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-urllc-0d1789c2d279e9eeae77496f1f443d17 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This relatively quiet sound is achieved when the voice relaxes and begins to rattle. This occasionally occurs unintentionally when the voice is tired. The same happens when yodeling, when you slowly reach the limit of the voice, folding over into the falsetto tone, i.e., the limit of full vibration to the edge vibration of the vocal cords. This rattling can be cultivated so that the voice locks onto the lower tone. This allows you to sing an octave below your singing tone, which can be helpful in choral singing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-pzjx4-e7100af37a07d9275f018b1375788210 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv3pev0-2c2bacac7de4ae2c2fa60540edd5474b av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Literature <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Sources on Vocal Fry<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-jl9so-d908ad7e9b182619d3edc4d88a190596 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>Quotations in the Text<\/h4>\n\n<div id='zp-InTextBib-zotpress-6a5bb7e14cb161622e8c30c3370a8ba8' class='zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-InTextBib wp-block-group zp-Post-15284'>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\">{935790:CSM83DW7}<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">nature<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">default<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">asc<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\">0<\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">15284<\/span><div class='zp-List loading'>\n<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\"><\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n<\/div><!-- .zp-List --><\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n<h4>Further Reading<\/h4>\n<div id=\"zotpress-bb7d97760d59af5cb719322e31f8a772\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">935790<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\">CS6USM4M<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">nature<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_LIMIT ZP_ATTR\">50<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SORTBY ZP_ATTR\">date<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ORDER ZP_ATTR\">desc<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TITLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWIMAGE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_SHOWTAGS ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_DOWNLOADABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_NOTES ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ABSTRACT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CITEABLE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TARGET ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_URLWRAP ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_FORCENUM ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_HIGHLIGHT ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_POSTID ZP_ATTR\">15284<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZOTPRESS_PLUGIN_URL ZP_ATTR\">https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/zotpress\/<\/span>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"zp-List loading\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"zp-SEO-Content\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ZP_CACHETIMER ZP_ATTR\"><\/span><span class=\"ZP_JSON 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id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-FIURQWXL\" data-zp-author-date='BariLane-2022-07-29' data-zp-date-author='2022-07-29-BariLane' data-zp-date='2022-07-29' data-zp-year='2022' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">BariLane. <i>Hitting the Fourth Subharmonic With Strong Overtones!!<\/i> (2022).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-M4S6SLKS\" data-zp-author-date='Paolillo-et-al.-2021-05-01' data-zp-date-author='2021-05-01-Paolillo-et-al.' data-zp-date='2021-05-01' data-zp-year='2021' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Paolillo, N. P., Carrozza, L., Osio, M., Rosa, E. & Scalabrin, M. Inspiratory Vocal Fry: Anatomical and Physiological Aspects, Application in Speech Therapy, Vocal Pedagogy and Singing. A Pilot study. <i>Journal of Voice<\/i> <b>35<\/b>, 394\u2013399 (2021).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-JGS93CWZ\" data-zp-author-date='randyjsing-2016-04-18' data-zp-date-author='2016-04-18-randyjsing' data-zp-date='2016-04-18' data-zp-year='2016' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">randyjsing. <i>Singing Subharmonic B1 by 14 Year Old Girl.<\/i> (2016).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-JWEM2Z87\" data-zp-author-date='Wolf-2015-07-24' data-zp-date-author='2015-07-24-Wolf' data-zp-date='2015-07-24' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='newspaperArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Wolf, N. Young women, give up the vocal fry and reclaim your strong female voice. <i>The Guardian<\/i> (2015).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-53N4526N\" data-zp-author-date='-2014-01-25' data-zp-date-author='2014-01-25-' data-zp-date='2014-01-25' data-zp-year='2014' data-zp-itemtype='encyclopediaArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Diplophonie. <i>Wikipedia<\/i> (2014).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-2DS6HRN7\" data-zp-author-date='Anderson-et-al.-2014' data-zp-date-author='2014-Anderson-et-al.' data-zp-date='2014' data-zp-year='2014' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Anderson, R. C., Klofstad, C. A., Mayew, W. J. & Venkatachalam, M. Vocal Fry May Undermine the Success of Young Women in the Labor Market. <i>PLoS ONE<\/i> <b>9<\/b>, e97506 (2014).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-9PX5SJ22\" data-zp-author-date='News-TV-2013-09-14' data-zp-date-author='2013-09-14-News-TV' data-zp-date='2013-09-14' data-zp-year='2013' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">News TV. <i>\u2018Vocal Fry\u2019 Speaking with Faith Salie<\/i>. (2013).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-WKCU2BP8\" data-zp-author-date='therhodeshow-2012-02-01' data-zp-date-author='2012-02-01-therhodeshow' data-zp-date='2012-02-01' data-zp-year='2012' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\"><i>The Buzz: Vocal Fry Trend<\/i>. (2012).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-3KKZDS8K\" data-zp-author-date='newearthrecords-2010-11-30' data-zp-date-author='2010-11-30-newearthrecords' data-zp-date='2010-11-30' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\"><i>Throat Singing by The Gyuto Monks of Tibet \u2022 Pure Sounds \u2022 Mandala Offering<\/i>. (2010).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-D3FQZ7H7\" data-zp-author-date='novan888-2010-04-20' data-zp-date-author='2010-04-20-novan888' data-zp-date='2010-04-20' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\"><i>Tibetan Chant - Heart Sutra<\/i>. (2010).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-8A57NSVG\" data-zp-author-date='Nawka-and-Wirth-2008' data-zp-date-author='2008-Nawka-and-Wirth' data-zp-date='2008' data-zp-year='2008' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Nawka, T. & Wirth, G. <i>Stimmsto\u0308rungen: fu\u0308r A\u0308rzte, Logopa\u0308den, Sprachheilpa\u0308dagogen und Sprechwissenschaftler\u202f; mit 30 Tabellen<\/i>. (Dt. A\u0308rzte-Verl., Ko\u0308ln, 2008).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-BS8ZRKFI\" data-zp-author-date='Saus-and-Seimer-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Saus-and-Seimer' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Saus, W. & Seimer, A. <i>Strohbass vs. Kargyraa Undertone (Subharmonic) Singing<\/i>. (2006).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-9BTQQNFC\" data-zp-author-date='Fuks-et-al.-1998' data-zp-date-author='1998-Fuks-et-al.' data-zp-date='1998' data-zp-year='1998' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fuks, L., Hammarberg, B. & Sundberg, J. A self-sustained vocal-ventricular phonation mode: acoustical, aerodynamic and glottographic evidences. <i>KTH TMH-QPSR<\/i> <b>3<\/b>, 49\u201359 (1998).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-6RNV38TN\" data-zp-author-date='Fuks-1998' data-zp-date-author='1998-Fuks' data-zp-date='1998' data-zp-year='1998' data-zp-itemtype='thesis' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fuks, L. PhD Thesis in music acoustics. (1998).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-CSM83DW7\" data-zp-author-date='Fuks-1998' data-zp-date-author='1998-Fuks' data-zp-date='1998' data-zp-year='1998' data-zp-itemtype='thesis' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fuks, L. PhD Thesis in music acoustics: FROM AIR TO MUSIC - Acoustical, Physiological and Perceptual Aspects of Reed Wind Instrument Playing and Vocal-Ventricular Fold Phonation. (KTH, Stockholm, 1998).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-3FUD3X4P\" data-zp-author-date='Fuks-1998' data-zp-date-author='1998-Fuks' data-zp-date='1998' data-zp-year='1998' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fuks, L. Leonardo Fuks Homepage. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.speech.kth.se\/music\/publications\/leofuks\/leosounds.html'>http:\/\/www.speech.kth.se\/music\/publications\/leofuks\/leosounds.html<\/a> (1998).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-3K5MXXE5\" data-zp-author-date='\u0160vec-et-al.-1996' data-zp-date-author='1996-\u0160vec-et-al.' data-zp-date='1996' data-zp-year='1996' data-zp-itemtype='journalArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">\u0160vec, J. G., Schutte, H. K. & Miller, D. G. A Subharmonic Vibratory Pattern in Normal Vocal Folds. <i>J Speech Lang Hear Res<\/i> <b>39<\/b>, 135\u2013143 (1996).<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-CQ7NXSP6\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\"><i>Kommentar von @utliscarletaaron6287<\/i>.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-LMKLLVK3\" data-zp-author-date='Heinrich-Christoph-Koch-(1749-1816)-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-Heinrich-Christoph-Koch-(1749-1816)' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='book' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Heinrich Christoph Koch (1749-1816). <i>Musikalisches Lexikon (1802)<\/i>.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-LB7TG738\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='blogPost' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Strohbass\u202f\u00bb musikwissenschaften.de. <i>musikwissenschaften.de<\/i> <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/musikwissenschaften.de\/lexikon\/s\/strohbass\/'>https:\/\/musikwissenschaften.de\/lexikon\/s\/strohbass\/<\/a>.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-SXBSU2WM\" data-zp-author-date='Osborne-Head-&-Neck-Institute-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-Osborne-Head-&-Neck-Institute' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Osborne Head & Neck Institute. <i>Vocal Fry<\/i>.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-CKBQEWCP\" data-zp-author-date='Fessenden-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-Fessenden' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Fessenden, M. \u2018Vocal Fry\u2019 Creeping Into U.S. Speech. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/social-sciences\/2011\/12\/vocal-fry-creeping-u.s.-speech?ref=hp'>http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/social-sciences\/2011\/12\/vocal-fry-creeping-u.s.-speech?ref=hp<\/a>.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-ZI7HRDFF\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='webpage' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 2; \">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\" style=\"clear: left; \">\n    <div class=\"csl-left-margin\" style=\"float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: 1em;\">1.<\/div><div class=\"csl-right-inline\" style=\"margin: 0 .4em 0 1.5em;\">Leonardo Fuks. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.speech.kth.se\/music\/publications\/leofuks\/leosounds.html'>http:\/\/www.speech.kth.se\/music\/publications\/leofuks\/leosounds.html<\/a>.<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-m9t3s-e03b623e3b2dff902a46eb17aa231f17 hr-default  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_heading '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv82p8d-cd59f34f9074cad7ba0a69c59713edaa av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_three_fifth '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Kargyraa &#8211; Throat Singing Undertones<\/h2><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Powerful rough undertone singing technique<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-58ffu8-e3d0965c6d09e3f5b2c339edbc13095e av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='hr av-eh4xs-9efdaea6315df18dd40514a027e973f8 hr-default  avia-builder-el-35  el_before_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-4zo0wg-fed039d4233631b412bbb264ec0e2349  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Definition Kargyraa Throat Singing\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Definition Kargyraa Throat Singing<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Throat singing (kargyraa) is a singing technique that creates a pitch impression of one octave below the modal voice by <strong>vibrating the ventricular folds or aryepiglottic folds<\/strong> alongside the vocal cords.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-4xorbc-b709eb4c373901458fcd072a55e0199f av_one_full  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-4rgb2g-8e9902bacd5ff8b25701b37ef477e78b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The Tuvinian singing technique called kargyraa is a prime example of throat undertone singing. There are undertone techniques similar to kargyraa in other cultures. There is no cross-cultural category name yet. Unfortunately, there is a likelihood of confusion with the term throat singing: <em>throat singing<\/em> is used in literature with four completely different meanings.<\/p>\n<p>&#8216;Throat singing&#8217; can mean:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>throat singing = undertone singing<\/li>\n<li>throat singing = synonymous with overtone and undertone singing of the nomads in Central Asia as a translation of the Tuvinian word <em>kh\u00f6\u00f6mej<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>throat singing = throaty-rough singing techniques with throat constriction (neither overtone nor undertone singing)<\/li>\n<li>throat singing = overtone singing<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>That is why, in case of doubt, I use undertone throat singing, vemtricular fold technique or simply the Tuvinian term kargyraa to describe the technique.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ggrn4-258e1352005b7e8a23cdfbed7b869d72 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv838vi-a3745e5d60652d99d74200b9ba70614f av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-40  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Undertones Without Overtone Singing<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4dlog8-368b3f206f6964563f6bfc43db822086 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-49i8kw-d679eb46c18e3c5edb42a480c26d7b5b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Yevgeniy Ulgbasev &#8211; Khai from Khakassia<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ttOKMzx6Fao<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-3zu8sw-52414db978b4dc31358d3acf88f1478d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Julia Charkova \u2013 Takhpakh from Khakassia<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fh_FKLUsC9s<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-3x65p4-7abc9c0dd181c234ce131d9cd2f6a76b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A Baluch boy with undertone singing from Pakistan<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XyDm63_E098<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-dfi00-feca7d3732c60a80ece9b7ae385008e2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_heading  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv83gkf-3ac4dd448c952aeb18b13eaf2daa5844 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-46  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Undertones With Overtones<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-3m4i40-7b7d60e1d6c98d542b31ee5141f7e50e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Undertone singing is combined with overtone singing in some cultures. Lowering the fundamental by undertone singing shifts the entire harmonic scale downwards. This means that twice as many overtones are available as with the normal voice. In this way, women, for example, can sing in the bass and baritone ranges and produce the same overtones as men.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-3g51xs-25037128de491ba10dbf3456f5a9f677 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-48  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Central Asia<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-3anl54-4b21151aaad9f8f12abf3107c15a2908 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In Tuva there is the undertone singing technique called kargyraa, which is often combined with overtone singing. There are artists who use only this low register (cf. Albert Kuvezin, Yat Kha). Many (probably most) undertone throat songs do not use overtone singing (see above). Kargyraa-like undertones also exist in the traditional music of Europe and Africa.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/obertongesang\/stile\/kehlgesang\/\">More about throat overtone singing -&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-31zr28-6ed5e5683aacbf18dbbeae3aaa362c8f av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-50  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Africa<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2yibmo-58b2479fc41a42755dea979ba76b7114 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The <em>umngqokolo<\/em>, which combines the vocal technique of kargyraa with overtone singing, is known from Xhosa women. In this case it is very virtuosic, because the Xhosa women (singing in a bass\/baritone register!) imitate the sounds of the mouth bow and thereby change the fundamental note and thus sing two melodies at the same time (polyphonic overtone singing). The fundamental changes rhythmically by a major second, while an overtone melody appears above it in a faster tone sequence.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/styles\/south-africa\/\">More about umngqokolo -&gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2phk9s-677d60724a7de68e64e5c0f9717618fc av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-52  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Tibet<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2hz80o-b67a5ce7c3bf60c3c0161ef35dd85cf4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There are also throat singing styles in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/styles\/tibet\/\">Tibetan monasteries<\/a> that produce undertones. It is not always clear to me whether the techniques are based on kargyraa or strobass, or whether both techniques occur and are used differently depending on the singer. The recordings I know are sung with strobass, which you can easily recognize by the occasional overturning of the voice into modal register. Tibetan monks usually recite very slow texts or mantras or phrases. Often the sound is dominated by the 10th harmonic, which is why some authors regard these songs as overtone singing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2d6u00-eeee42afbd99d9521cfb8899d6ad305c av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-54  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Europe<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-29x214-71633a8e662dbc8488cde1e43bb461f6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In <em>paghjella<\/em> from Corsica and in <em>cantu a tenores<\/em> from Sardinia there is a rough deep voice called bassu or su basciu. It corresponds technically to kargyraa, but is sung without overtone techniques. In classical choral singing there are compositions &#8211; e.g. Rachmaninov and Tchaikovsky &#8211; which require basses down to A1 (contra A). Hardly any German voice achieves this bass with a modal voice (normal voice). That is why <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/undertone-singing\/vocal-fry-register-strohbass\/\">strohbass<\/a> is used in such passages, something that only a few experts have mastered.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv8itz8-737a7099cc617b6d870a4a37af43427f av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-56  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Kargyraa<\/h3><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Undertone singing of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-24h38w-81f821206b2523845086634bbed085c3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There are several styles of undertone singing in the Tuvan kargyraa technique that have been little studied. A good overview is given by the diploma thesis by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eva.mpg.de\/lingua\/staff\/grawunder.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sven Grawunder<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1w5n5k-a659724bec524b2ee3f23f32d833cecb av_one_third  avia-builder-el-58  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-1ptvb4-883643c0218c246ecbf919b32ebceb93 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_7008\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7008\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-967 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder-300x267.png\" alt=\"{%ALT_TEXT%}\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder-300x267.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder-600x535.png 600w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder-705x628.png 705w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder-450x401.png 450w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/pseudoglottis_photo_sven_grawunder.png 724w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7008\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Die aryepiglottischen Falten dr\u00fccken beim Steppen-Kargyraa an die Epiglottis und erzeugen Untert\u00f6ne, wenn sie mit der Stimme in Resonanz schwingen.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1lp9rs-2ff2fe869d4bfe48124ec9d9fd2e4cbe av_two_third  avia-builder-el-60  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_textblock  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-1ga1zs-c32535fdd78a7296cf3af07aaa51498b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Sven Grawunder found the <strong>same constriction in the steppe kargyraa as in kh\u00f6\u00f6mej<\/strong>. The aryepiglottic folds that form this constriction are oscillated in addition to the vocal cords when singing. This creates a pseudoglottis, <strong>a second sound source<\/strong>. Apparently, these coupled oscillations produce a period of oscillation at half the frequency of the singing tone, creating the overtones of a note one octave below the singing voice.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1a5qo0-af446af208b10093767eae15e4c1cdc9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>It is possible that the ventricular folds underneath the constriction are also involved in the phonation process. However, since they are covered in the picture, this cannot be seen. Studies by Tran Quang Hai, myself and others show that in Kargyraa techniques, the ventricular folds (false vocal folds) together with the vocal cords form a complex oscillatory system without involvement of the aryepiglottic folds.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-14xu08-2201b4521e743a65a3809acd9a98099d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>American throat singing expert Steve Sklar had a revealing videolaryngoscopy done on his kargyraa at the University of Wisconsin in 1998.<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AqXk1ShKsc0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vx5qg-32b6ac68e25e899edad4e1007819c61a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-64  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv8j2ct-9b521a8dee7d4c9209bdef08bd2020cb av-special-heading-h3 meta-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-65  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >How to Learn Kargyraa<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-pjb1k-112e7c5f729f1b69d693e267e8263dad '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Kargyraa is not entirely risk-free to learn, as one can easily injure the vocal cords. You don&#8217;t need a deep voice. There is a wonderful recording of an 11-year-old singing this technique on the CD &#8220;Tuva&#8221; by zeitausendeins and the same recording on the CD &#8220;Deep in the Heart of Tuva&#8221; by ellipsis arts.<\/p>\n<p>Women can also use it to sing the bass, as the singers of the Tuvan group Tyva Kyzy and the throat singers of the Xhosa impressively demonstrate. In kargyraa you always sing an octave higher than the voice sounds. During a long campfire night together with the group Huun-Huur-Tu I learned to develop the approach to kargyraa from a relaxed throat by feeling the vibration deep in the windpipe and keeping my mouth closed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.khoomei.com\/lessons.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Steve Sklar<\/a> has released a CD video tutorial that I recommend.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a video by Jonathan Cope:<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uCom9ZCJAmE<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-lhpj4-8128febfb1ea1216d4e3ca07bd66e740 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-67  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv84zp4-91c61566e9a51e565ed681e28e6b1a5e av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-68  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Literature <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Sources on Kargyraa<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-cqnpk-67ca266dc0826f8bf7b2ab5f0d0066f1 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"zotpress-1ac4a0e1d04fb946745c6e4683026598\" class=\"zp-Zotpress zp-Zotpress-Bib wp-block-group\">\n\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_API_USER_ID ZP_ATTR\">935790<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_ITEM_KEY ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_COLLECTION_ID ZP_ATTR\">NCR2IT7H<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_TAG_ID ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_AUTHOR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_YEAR ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n        <span class=\"ZP_ITEMTYPE ZP_ATTR\"><\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_INCLUSIVE ZP_ATTR\">1<\/span>\n\t\t<span class=\"ZP_STYLE ZP_ATTR\">chicago-fullnote-bibliography<\/span>\n\t\t<span 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id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-UMMUCSXY\" data-zp-author-date='Leonid-&-Friends-2021-04-26' data-zp-date-author='2021-04-26-Leonid-&-Friends' data-zp-date='2021-04-26' data-zp-year='2021' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Leonid & Friends. <i>The Speck of Dust - Leonid & Friends<\/i>, 2021. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a1zNRIs0OiM'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a1zNRIs0OiM<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-IPJHZSLJ\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>The Speck of Dust \u2013 Leonid & Friends<\/i>. Accessed December 15, 2023. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Leonidandfriends\/videos\/154769159829442\/'>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Leonidandfriends\/videos\/154769159829442\/<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-QEQCN9BN\" data-zp-author-date='4K-HDR-Media-2022-04-06' data-zp-date-author='2022-04-06-4K-HDR-Media' data-zp-date='2022-04-06' data-zp-year='2022' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">4K HDR Media. <i>Dune - Sardaukar Chant - (HDR - 4K - 5.1)<\/i>, 2022. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sEymyO5Abp4'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sEymyO5Abp4<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-C59KGXS7\" data-zp-author-date='Secrets-of-Dune-2022-01-06' data-zp-date-author='2022-01-06-Secrets-of-Dune' data-zp-date='2022-01-06' data-zp-year='2022' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Secrets of Dune. <i>Sardaukar Chant (Official) Unreleased | Hans Zimmer<\/i>, 2022. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9E0CNj-kXZ0'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9E0CNj-kXZ0<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-GM5NNWA2\" data-zp-author-date='OTYKEN-2022-04-29' data-zp-date-author='2022-04-29-OTYKEN' data-zp-date='2022-04-29' data-zp-year='2022' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">OTYKEN. <i>OTYKEN - STORM (Official Music Video)<\/i>, 2022. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?app=desktop&v=CqwrwwOzVcQ'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?app=desktop&v=CqwrwwOzVcQ<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-U8KMQ45U\" data-zp-author-date='Abel-Selaocoe-2017-11-22' data-zp-date-author='2017-11-22-Abel-Selaocoe' data-zp-date='2017-11-22' data-zp-year='2017' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Abel Selaocoe. <i>Lamentatio - Abel Selaocoe<\/i>, 2017. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5FSofJ4r4bg'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5FSofJ4r4bg<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-37ULJ7DF\" data-zp-author-date='Mat\u00edas-2010-02-09' data-zp-date-author='2010-02-09-Mat\u00edas' data-zp-date='2010-02-09' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Mat\u00edas. <i>Sheldon Cooper Throat Singing<\/i>, 2010. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t-RsB4a4ogc'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=t-RsB4a4ogc<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-MCFMKB7I\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>ISHKINNER - \u0418\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0440<\/i>. Accessed April 1, 2020. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3OrLK1STsC0&feature=share'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3OrLK1STsC0&feature=share<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-9CH76NEI\" data-zp-author-date='QuangHai-Tran-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-QuangHai-Tran' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">QuangHai Tran. <i>42\u00a0 CHEINESH ALTAI Moscow June 12, 2012<\/i>. Accessed January 10, 2019. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=64&v=quwRQaoc5y4'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=64&v=quwRQaoc5y4<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-Q32C5IWC\" data-zp-author-date='Overtone-Pear-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-Overtone-Pear' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Overtone Pear. <i>Kargyraa by Choduraa Tumat (Tyva Kyzy) - Female Tuvan Throat Singing<\/i>. Accessed September 29, 2018. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-G3PfdwCXjM&feature=youtu.be'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-G3PfdwCXjM&feature=youtu.be<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-ZCA6FK6Z\" data-zp-author-date='Vocatrix-2008-08-07' data-zp-date-author='2008-08-07-Vocatrix' data-zp-date='2008-08-07' data-zp-year='2008' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Vocatrix. <i>Multi-Tone Didjeredoo\/Tuvan Throat Singing Tutorial<\/i>, 2008. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nfEp67sRZNI'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nfEp67sRZNI<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-8A24S3RN\" data-zp-author-date='barbatuques-2010-09-16' data-zp-date-author='2010-09-16-barbatuques' data-zp-date='2010-09-16' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Barbatuques - Baian\u00e1<\/i>, 2010. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KHyzrYBACcg&feature=youtube_gdata_player'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KHyzrYBACcg&feature=youtube_gdata_player<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-5G82USWK\" data-zp-author-date='Marc--Volcano--Szeglat-2012-07-16' data-zp-date-author='2012-07-16-Marc--Volcano--Szeglat' data-zp-date='2012-07-16' data-zp-year='2012' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Marc -Volcano- Szeglat. <i>Maasai: Traditional Dances<\/i>, 2012. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y_xRTiLcSx4&feature=youtu.be'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Y_xRTiLcSx4&feature=youtu.be<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-TXKD2QGD\" data-zp-author-date='Marc--Volcano--Szeglat-2007-07-26' data-zp-date-author='2007-07-26-Marc--Volcano--Szeglat' data-zp-date='2007-07-26' data-zp-year='2007' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Marc -Volcano- Szeglat. <i>Masai Traditional Dances<\/i>, 2007. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=30&v=0lUQFT4zVWk'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=30&v=0lUQFT4zVWk<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-8MWNI3AU\" data-zp-author-date='-0000-00-00' data-zp-date-author='0000-00-00-' data-zp-date='0000-00-00' data-zp-year='0000' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Salty Holmes - The Ghost Song - YouTube<\/i>. Accessed August 20, 2015. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=U-_RoYpySpA'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=U-_RoYpySpA<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-9CHEE7GA\" data-zp-author-date='Kemper-2015-08-04' data-zp-date-author='2015-08-04-Kemper' data-zp-date='2015-08-04' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='newspaperArticle' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Kemper, Peter. \u201cVerschollenes von Frank Zappa Neues aus der Muffin-Forschung.\u201d <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung<\/i>, August 4, 2015. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/feuilleton\/pop\/frank-zappas-letztes-studioalbum-dance-me-this-13732861.html'>http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/feuilleton\/pop\/frank-zappas-letztes-studioalbum-dance-me-this-13732861.html<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-I4UX2CM9\" data-zp-author-date='Utamaduni-Archive-2014-02-05' data-zp-date-author='2014-02-05-Utamaduni-Archive' data-zp-date='2014-02-05' data-zp-year='2014' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Tanzania Sukuma Dance, Kabadi Ng\u2019wenekele and Bachonga Magembe<\/i>, 2014. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N_b2BfnOA6A'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N_b2BfnOA6A<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-KSH5K7MA\" data-zp-author-date='Gnawalux-Brussels-2015-02-14' data-zp-date-author='2015-02-14-Gnawalux-Brussels' data-zp-date='2015-02-14' data-zp-year='2015' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Mongolian Throat Singing<\/i>, 2015. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1rmo3fKeveo&feature=youtube_gdata_player'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1rmo3fKeveo&feature=youtube_gdata_player<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-HD9M244X\" data-zp-author-date='MichealDarwin-2010-03-26' data-zp-date-author='2010-03-26-MichealDarwin' data-zp-date='2010-03-26' data-zp-year='2010' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Popeye The Sailor Man (FULL CARTOON)<\/i>, 2010. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=h0LqfnA8FI8&feature=youtube_gdata_player'>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=h0LqfnA8FI8&feature=youtube_gdata_player<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-H46PDBBF\" data-zp-author-date='hrmann-2009-02-16' data-zp-date-author='2009-02-16-hrmann' data-zp-date='2009-02-16' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Female Mongolian Throat Singer<\/i>, 2009. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qNFSB4PnVPI'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qNFSB4PnVPI<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-BA2RFBW6\" data-zp-author-date='kwwkwwkww-2007-08-27' data-zp-date-author='2007-08-27-kwwkwwkww' data-zp-date='2007-08-27' data-zp-year='2007' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Mongolian Song - Manduul Khan \u6ee1\u90fd\u62c9\u6c49\u8d5e<\/i>, 2007. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TqxrNGu-YUU'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TqxrNGu-YUU<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-8IQUXZ36\" data-zp-author-date='Steve-Sklar-2007-07-25' data-zp-date-author='2007-07-25-Steve-Sklar' data-zp-date='2007-07-25' data-zp-year='2007' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Inside Steve Sklar\u2019s Larynx: Kargyraa<\/i>, 2007. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AqXk1ShKsc0'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AqXk1ShKsc0<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-WXWIIKBG\" data-zp-author-date='JonnyMcBoingBoing-2009-02-05' data-zp-date-author='2009-02-05-JonnyMcBoingBoing' data-zp-date='2009-02-05' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Khargyraa Basic Technique<\/i>, 2009. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uCom9ZCJAmE'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uCom9ZCJAmE<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-5ZRDB66N\" data-zp-author-date='TEDxTalks-2013-07-09' data-zp-date-author='2013-07-09-TEDxTalks' data-zp-date='2013-07-09' data-zp-year='2013' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Beatbox Brilliance: Tom Thum at TEDxSydney<\/i>, 2013. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GNZBSZD16cY&feature=youtube_gdata_player'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GNZBSZD16cY&feature=youtube_gdata_player<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-BS8ZRKFI\" data-zp-author-date='Saus-and-Seimer-2006' data-zp-date-author='2006-Saus-and-Seimer' data-zp-date='2006' data-zp-year='2006' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\">Saus, Wolfgang, and Andreas Seimer. <i>Strohbass vs. Kargyraa Undertone (Subharmonic) Singing<\/i>, 2006. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_gZGMSQljmk'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_gZGMSQljmk<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-4NGT6FDT\" data-zp-author-date='mehothra-2011-01-28' data-zp-date-author='2011-01-28-mehothra' data-zp-date='2011-01-28' data-zp-year='2011' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Undertone Tutorial<\/i>, 2011. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PqNdMPPJ9AE'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PqNdMPPJ9AE<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-6NEXAQHA\" data-zp-author-date='ORPHOLOGIST-2009-05-03' data-zp-date-author='2009-05-03-ORPHOLOGIST' data-zp-date='2009-05-03' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Julia Charkova Sings Takhpakh<\/i>, 2009. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Zc7SysX16Qk'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Zc7SysX16Qk<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\t\t\t\t<div id=\"zp-ID-15284-935790-WNDTB7M9\" data-zp-author-date='ORPHOLOGIST-2009-05-04' data-zp-date-author='2009-05-04-ORPHOLOGIST' data-zp-date='2009-05-04' data-zp-year='2009' data-zp-itemtype='videoRecording' class=\"zp-Entry zpSearchResultsItem\">\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; padding-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em;\">\n  <div class=\"csl-entry\"><i>Julia Charkova Khai Epic<\/i>, 2009. <a class='zp-ItemURL' href='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fh_FKLUsC9s'>http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fh_FKLUsC9s<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-Entry .zpSearchResultsItem -->\n\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-zp-SEO-Content -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .zp-List -->\n\t<\/div><!--.zp-Zotpress-->\n\n\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-8lgkg-40f9254ac3ba0594a4ee4f324f89e6db hr-default  avia-builder-el-70  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_heading '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9k25l-894949fd73bb12c2916ab490fa4d41d4 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-71  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_three_fifth '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Undertone (Subharmonic) Series<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-3apg9s-e0ad0a45b9fde8ed89227f78b0d0fc51 av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-72  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='hr av-2zwvug-704e46b982b4c3f3a94f127db8f06f0e hr-default  avia-builder-el-73  el_before_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-first '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_left av-mcv9kfco-bdee3decb7fa65e3d50706d07829e4ad  avia-builder-el-74  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Definition Undertone Series\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue8c9' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Definition Undertone Series<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Undertones are subharmonics of the fundamental tone. Their frequencies are <strong>integer divisors of the fundamental frequency<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2wqyrk-6a00e4c8d5313516efb5d075c763f70e av_one_full  avia-builder-el-75  el_after_av_three_fifth  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9otnp-6ecb64f64e31dbd4eb0e55c37d4d8e8a av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-76  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Mirror of the Harmonic Series<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2o4kds-5b50ec39216a5671281f5c8a04532dc8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The undertone series is the mirrored image of the overtone series. The fundamental tone is the highest tone. It is also the shared overtone of all the tones in the series. Or to put it another way: the undertone series consists of the possible fundamental tones with which a particular overtone can be sung.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7004\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7004\" class=\"size-full wp-image-950 \" title=\"Die Untertonreihe von a3\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1.png\" alt=\"Untertonreihe von a3\" width=\"800\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1.png 800w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1-768x240.png 768w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1-600x188.png 600w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1-705x220.png 705w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/overtoneslide_subfundamentals_of_A6_d1-450x141.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7004\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The undertone series of A6 (a3).<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2kh3cw-b419a9f8fe9191ca3fd1d79fd9fb7df0 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-78  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9p2is-114fd34d645cc5d0d7e7d528bdcca915 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-79  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Frequencies of the undertone series<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2ex174-bc6e7f72f3f12b4a6b1671e3bef0994c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_7005\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Untertonreihe-1600Hz-lin.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7005\" class=\"size-entry_with_sidebar wp-image-954\" title=\"Untertonfrequenzen von 1600 Hz.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Untertonreihe-1600Hz-lin-710x270.png\" alt=\"Untertonfrequenzen von 1600 Hz.\" width=\"710\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Untertonreihe-1600Hz-lin-710x270.png 710w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Untertonreihe-1600Hz-lin-845x321.png 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7005\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example: Frequencies of the undertone series of a 1600 Hz tone. On the left is the undertone series of a 1,600-Hz tone calculated by integer division: 1,600\/2 Hz, 1,600\/3 Hz, 1,600\/4 Hz, etc. On the right, each undertone is shown as a fundamental tone. These fundamental tones contain 1600 Hz as an overtone. The frequencies are shown linearly to make the integer division more obvious.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2algw0-298d255dc5755fd6da8ec5d2df4441b3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The subharmonic series is derived from the integer division of the fundamental frequency. The second subharmonic oscillates at half the frequency of the fundamental, the third at one-third, the fourth at one-fourth, and so on. The twelfth subharmonic oscillates at one-twelfth the frequency of the fundamental. The terms &#8220;fundamental,&#8221; &#8220;first harmonic,&#8221; and &#8220;first subharmonic&#8221; are synonymous and all mean the fundamental. This numbering system establishes a direct relationship with frequency. Each number corresponds to the denominator of a frequency ratio.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-21fdeg-2ba1a272fe67be60c635d33d7f8c9a60 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-82  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9pa49-2fe64fcc88c11987e026dc8ef17a507c av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-83  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Intervals of the Undertone Series<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-6tz2o-a5b2518b57e42b3893868b6c60508d51 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_7006\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Unterton-Obertonreihe-a3.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7006\" class=\"size-entry_with_sidebar wp-image-959\" title=\"Untertonreihe von a3, Obertonreihe von A.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Unterton-Obertonreihe-a3-710x270.png\" alt=\"Untertonreihe von a3, Obertonreihe von A.\" width=\"710\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Unterton-Obertonreihe-a3-710x270.png 710w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Unterton-Obertonreihe-a3-845x321.png 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7006\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The undertone series mirrors the overtone series. The undertone series from A6 (A3), and the overtone series from A2 (A).<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1t8wbk-efe0c52063b7ebc370e78f114dcb9775 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The series consists of mirrored intervals of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/harmonic-series\/\">overtone series<\/a>. These intervals include the descending octave, octave plus fifth, double octave, double octave plus major third, and so on.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1i9dw8-677038213ddd855251afaa09b2cf92d6 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-86  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9pp63-d6541190377f8ef51ff5a4f97ac6eb56 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-87  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Listen to the Undertone Series<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1eyx8g-bc3921cff188ffcc1e7eb3b654503716 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>The undertone series of G6 (g3) contains all the fundamental tones that could be used to produce G6 (g3) as an overtone. The fundamental tones between G2 (G) and C5 (c2) <a title=\"Composers Kit\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/composing-with-overtone-singing-composers-guide\/\">can be used for overtone singing<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-19i9rc-753980ea7367a6acac819ba25d842328 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WiFRJW4y8TA'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Undertone Series\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WiFRJW4y8TA?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0&amp;feature=oembed&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&mute=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-10mb8o-96e157db931e6bc1f829ac4a127ca720 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-90  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9pxtd-6e6d97c173c23538397555c444f9ac8f av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-91  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Sing the Undertone Series<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-wm2c8-5a8855078bd1e27a75f664a21050b32a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In theory, the scale of undertones could be sung using the undertone singing technique. In practice, however, only the second subharmonic, an octave below the singing tone, is sung. However, it is possible to sing down to the fifth subharmonic, as Leonardo Fuks has demonstrated (see above). Technically, the undertones of the singing tone do not sound; rather, a new, denser overtone spectrum containing the undertone is heard as a &#8220;virtual fundamental&#8221; (residual tone).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ozo94-d8d10b1d3a10a0bfb3fa42cb72aedef3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-93  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_comments_list  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9q5pp-b9eb7f19dcb283a603b76a33bbd4d799 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-94  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Composing with the Undertone Series<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mxxxk-4cf4ee49c02f0efa163096e70636b059 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"attachment_7007\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Untertonreihe-a9.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7007\" class=\"size-entry_with_sidebar wp-image-961\" title=\"Alle Grundt\u00f6ne, mit denen a3 als Oberton singbar ist.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Untertonreihe-a9-710x270.png\" alt=\"Alle Grundt\u00f6ne, mit denen a3 als Oberton singbar ist.\" width=\"710\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Untertonreihe-a9-710x270.png 710w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Untertonreihe-a9-845x321.png 845w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7007\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">All notes in the undertone series (left) have A6 (a3) as a common overtone. On the right, the overtone series of the individual undertones.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-g0xfc-c15bb3a3b31be13204aa194066b26392 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The undertone series is useful to composers in two ways:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>You can leave an overtone and at the same time sing a fundamental melody from the undertones.<\/li>\n<li>The undertone series gives the entire tone material that could be used to create a desired overtone.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a title=\"F\u00fcr Komponisten\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/obertongesang\/komponieren\/fur-komponisten\/\">More about composing with overtones \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='av-buildercomment av-v6tk-591604a6a14ead09b401da8d9b1d180e  av-blog-meta-html-info-disabled'><\/div>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-mcv9qf3b-277a7a978c40c6e6d12d251d6420c98a av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-98  el_after_av_comments_list  avia-builder-el-last '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Tell a Friend<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-left shariff-widget-align-left\" style=\"display:none\"><div class=\"ShariffHeadline\"><h3>Share<\/h3><\/div><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oberton.org%2Fen%2Fovertone-singing%2Fundertone-singing%2F&text=Undertone%20Singing\" title=\"Bei X teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei X teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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