{"id":14395,"date":"2013-07-15T11:49:46","date_gmt":"2013-07-15T09:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/overtone-singing\/faq-glossary\/"},"modified":"2019-10-30T15:54:13","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T14:54:13","slug":"faq-glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/faq-glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"FAQ \/ Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='flex_column av-5880gc-9d311a26cd8dad84f302d6943f93f0f3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1f5rekc-55c6a1b9fd9bda465bd6ea4960aeaa3c\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-1f5rekc-55c6a1b9fd9bda465bd6ea4960aeaa3c{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-1f5rekc-55c6a1b9fd9bda465bd6ea4960aeaa3c .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-1f5rekc-55c6a1b9fd9bda465bd6ea4960aeaa3c .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-1f5rekc-55c6a1b9fd9bda465bd6ea4960aeaa3c av-special-heading-h3 meta-heading  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_toggle_container  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Frequently asked questions<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-4wypek-901a0ee46e0926a532c3892999d38cdd  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-1bgrdqk-4674e519e709c5e67bed48d9b4864ff7'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {overtone singing technique} {health} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Can anyone do that?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Can anyone do that?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Can anyone do that?\">Can anyone do that?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Yes, overtone singing can be learned by anyone who can speak.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-190eva4-c0bc9af50e275b6398f547ceecb97f96'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-2' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"How do you do that? \" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: How do you do that? \" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: How do you do that? \">How do you do that? <span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-2' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Fine tongue movements are used to tune resonating cavities in the mouth and throat exactly to each other while singing normally.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/what-is-overtone-singing\/\">More about the background?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/how-to-throat-sing\/\">More about the practice?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-18i104c-a0cb896c5f14b3699b153f4130978fe8'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-3' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-3' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-3' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"How does overtone singing sound?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: How does overtone singing sound?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: How does overtone singing sound?\">How does overtone singing sound?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-3' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-3' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Overtone singing sounds like somebody singing two notes at the same time.<\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-14395-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brahms-Guten-Abend-Saus.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brahms-Guten-Abend-Saus.mp3\">https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Brahms-Guten-Abend-Saus.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-15vrvcc-ffd6d5ec92cd9a5cdcc438af7c29a4f1'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {overtone singing technique} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-4' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-4' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-4' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Can women do that too?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Can women do that too?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Can women do that too?\">Can women do that too?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-4' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-4' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Yes, women can sing overtones as well as men.<\/p>\n<p>When women&#8217;s voices sing an identical pitch as men, e. g. around the A3 (220 Hz), they also have identical overtones and identical possibilities as men. The vocal range of women is on average one octave higher than that of men. However, the singable overtones have the same frequency range for both women and men. This means that in overtone singing, women are more likely to stay in the lower range of the harmonic series, where the overtones are less dense. For complex melodies, women may have to change the fundamental notes more often than men.<\/p>\n<p>Cf.<\/p>\n<p><div  class='avia-button-wrap av-av_button-45d72371354f465db4dfd06e3a482cf3-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_button  avia-builder-el-first '><a href='https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/obertongesang\/komponieren-mit-obertoenen\/'  class='avia-button av-av_button-45d72371354f465db4dfd06e3a482cf3 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color-subtle'   aria-label=\"Composer tools\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue832' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Composer tools<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-14l44nw-24ab6826d2aabc48d0ebfec66760ca79-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><a href='https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/composing-with-overtone-singing-composers-guide\/'  class='avia-button av-14l44nw-24ab6826d2aabc48d0ebfec66760ca79 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color-subtle'   aria-label=\"Composer tools\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue832' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Composer tools<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-12ppuzg-9eba79346409ab6c3ae0908210cd3bce'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {health} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-5' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-5' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-5' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Does overtone singing harm the voice?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Does overtone singing harm the voice?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Does overtone singing harm the voice?\">Does overtone singing harm the voice?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-5' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-5' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>No, overtone singing doesn&#8217;t hurt at all, on the contrary!<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overtone singing trains the voice<\/li>\n<li>Sharpens the hearing<\/li>\n<li>Improves fine motor skills of the vocal system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Obertone singing is like normal singing in the larynx and therefore completely harmless. The difference lies in the pronunciation.<\/p>\n<p>In Asian throat singing, however, there are styles such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/undertone-singing\/\">undertone singing<\/a>, which should be learned carefully. In addition to the vocal chords, they cause other parts of the larynx to vibrate. A wrong technique can damage the voice under certain circumstances. But of course, this also applies to any other vocal technique, such as pop and opera singing. Correct technique is always important, especially when you sing a lot.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-10q8k3g-cdec74c70cd11a86e5cc7503060c0dd0'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-6' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-6' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-6' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Where does overtone singing originate?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Where does overtone singing originate?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Where does overtone singing originate?\">Where does overtone singing originate?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-6' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-6' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There are several styles that were created independently of each other. A common misconception is that overtone singing comes from Mongolia. Central Asian throat singing comes from this area. However, Western overtone singing and other styles have evolved independently.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/styles\/\">More on styles?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-1015kdo-147e0c2d95b869a76d9fd1a274c1a90d'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-7' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-7' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-7' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"How does overtone singing work?\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: How does overtone singing work?\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: How does overtone singing work?\">How does overtone singing work?<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-7' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-7' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The cause is resonance. The selective control of the formants makes one harmonic from the voice spectrum appear louder than the others.<\/p>\n<p>More about physics?<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-xlz29o-7c31936e70f06f21b284edfa0e043422 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_comments_list  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5tt6uk-576a829b0fc7db05865fb71ecf0f9f5a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-5tt6uk-576a829b0fc7db05865fb71ecf0f9f5a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-5tt6uk-576a829b0fc7db05865fb71ecf0f9f5a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-5tt6uk-576a829b0fc7db05865fb71ecf0f9f5a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-5tt6uk-576a829b0fc7db05865fb71ecf0f9f5a av-special-heading-h3 meta-heading  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_toggle_container  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Glossary of Terms<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-ue1r2k-577eda524cab44f198b28cc7e2a71c4b  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  toggle_close_all' ><div class='taglist'><div class=\"tag-tab\"><a href=\"#\" data-tag=\"{All}\" class=\"activeFilter\">All<\/a><span class='tag-seperator'>\/<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tag-tab\"><a href=\"#\" data-tag=\"{Acoustics}\" class=\"\">Acoustics<\/a><span class='tag-seperator'>\/<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tag-tab\"><a href=\"#\" data-tag=\"{Musicology}\" class=\"\">Musicology<\/a><span class='tag-seperator'>\/<\/span><\/div><div class=\"tag-tab\"><a href=\"#\" data-tag=\"{Voice}\" class=\"\">Voice<\/a><span class='tag-seperator'>\/<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-3h8cng-dcd7c92e9b3add6752fb8f15987a0b55'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} {Voice} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-8' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-8' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-8' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Formant\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Formant\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Formant\">Formant<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-8' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-8' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A formant is the frequency of a local maximum in the envelope of a sound spectrum. Although many authors use the terms <em>formant<\/em> and <em>resonance frequency<\/em> synonymously, they are conceptually different. While formants are a property of the sound spectrum, resonant frequencies are a physical property of the vocal tract (or instrument).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/newt.phys.unsw.edu.au\/jw\/formant.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/newt.phys.unsw.edu.au\/jw\/formant.html<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-rlq7n0-d416b5e894253006ec6832b83e49cd89'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-9' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-9' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-9' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Noise\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Noise\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Noise\">Noise<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-9' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-9' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a id=\"glossary-noise\"><\/a><br \/>\nIn the present context, noise refers to a collective term for all auditory sensations that do not cause pitch perception. The cause of a noise is non-periodic oscillations. Examples are hissing, bangs, pops or cracks with a lot of random (unharmonic) overtones.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noise<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-q8ob3w-e4aecb1e8be7487a8f2c2c3453a3a0f2'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-10' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-10' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-10' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Harmonics \" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Harmonics \" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Harmonics \">Harmonics <span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-10' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-10' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a id=\"glossary-harmonic\"><\/a><br \/>\nHarmonics (short for harmonic partials) are partials whose frequencies are a multiple of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic refers to the mathematical harmonic series.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonic<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-oj6g18-5e7d797366f6b2f21a2f09791cb0c1ae'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-11' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-11' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-11' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"(Harmonic) Sound\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: (Harmonic) Sound\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: (Harmonic) Sound\">(Harmonic) Sound<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-11' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-11' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Sound in music can mean different things: Timbre, expression, quality.<\/p>\n<p>Sound (complex sound) in physics refers to a chord of harmonic partials. A sound is a natural tone with one pitch and a timbre.<\/p>\n<p>The term sound is used differently in music and physics. This is important for interdisciplinary communication. The same applies to the term tone (pitch). There is no exact translation of the precise physical German term sound into English.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-myieoc-79b7090f11f25cb1e4b8c25b87521da4'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} {Musicology} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-12' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-12' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-12' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Natural Tone Series\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Natural Tone Series\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Natural Tone Series\">Natural Tone Series<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-12' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-12' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The <strong>natural tone series<\/strong> is the series of tones that can be played on valveless wind instruments with a fixed sound tube length by different blowing techniques, e. g. natural trumpet, alphorn, natural horn, overtone flute. The first natural tone corresponds to the fundamental tone of the tube.<\/p>\n<p>The sequence of the natural tone series contains the same tones as those of the natural overtone series. Natural tones, however, are sounds (chords of harmonics), each of which has its own overtones, while the overtones are sine waves that appear as part of a sound and no longer have their own overtones.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/en\/overtone-singing\/harmonic-series\/\">The harmonic series\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-l4mkvg-3667b704430d68751ebfbd95aae5ef2d'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-13' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-13' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-13' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Overtone\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Overtone\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Overtone\">Overtone<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-13' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-13' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Overtones are all partials above the fundamental. The counting starts above the fundamental, i. e. the 2nd partial. Therefore, the number of the overtone is always 1 lower than that of the partial. Overtones can be harmonic or inharmonic.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-ixds98-fd85be167d37f59011efbe9d09084b4a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} {Musicology} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-14' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-14' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-14' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Harmonic Series\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Harmonic Series\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Harmonic Series\">Harmonic Series<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-14' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-14' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The harmonic series is the sequence of harmonic partial tones of a sound.<\/p>\n<p>See detailed article on the harmonic series \u2192<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonic_series_(music)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonic_series_(music)<\/a><br \/>\n(Attention, not everything in the Wikipedia article is consistent with my concept! I consider my point of view to be more precise, differentiated and practical, not only in connection with overtone singing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-i4oowc-f05c512d7c7494d108437ec5942239d7'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Musicology} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-15' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-15' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-15' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Pitch Notation\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Pitch Notation\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Pitch Notation\">Pitch Notation<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-15' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-15' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a id=\"TabelleOktavbezeichnung\"><\/a><h2 id=\"tablepress-10-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-10\">Oktavbezeichnungen<\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-10\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-10\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-10-name\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-10-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Oktavbezeichnung<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Index-Schreibweise<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Apostroph-Schreibweise<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">wissenschaftliche Schreibweise<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Subsubkontra-Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">C<sub>3<\/sub><i>oder<\/i> <sub>3<\/sub>C<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u201a\u201a\u201aC oder CCCC<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>\u22121<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Subkontra-Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">C<sub>2<\/sub><i>oder<\/i> <sub>2<\/sub>C<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u201a\u201aC oder CCC<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Kontra-Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">C<sub>1<\/sub><i>oder<\/i> <sub>1<\/sub>C<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u201aC oder CC<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>1<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Gro\u00dfe Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">C<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">C<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Kleine Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>0<\/sup><i>oder<\/i> c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>3<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Eingestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>4<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Zweigestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>5<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Dreigestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032\u2032\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>6<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Viergestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>4<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>7<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>F\u00fcnfgestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>5<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>8<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Sechsgestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>6<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>9<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><i>Siebengestrichene Oktave<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">c<sup>7<\/sup><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">c\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032\u2032<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">C<sub>10<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span id=\"tablepress-10-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-10\">Quelle: <a href=\"http:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tonsymbol\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/span>\n<!-- #tablepress-10 from cache --><br \/>\nHelmholtz (German) notation vs. scientific notation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-fp5bto-3a234e448674e0b5bb3450d631ec7d89'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-16' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-16' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-16' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Partial Tone\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Partial Tone\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Partial Tone\">Partial Tone<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-16' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-16' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A synonym for <em>partial<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-dgjg8c-0e650e74d0cc4739889795f31857785c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-17' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-17' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-17' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Sine Wave\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Sine Wave\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Sine Wave\">Sine Wave<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-17' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-17' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A sine wave is a tone without harmonics.<\/p>\n<p>The waveform is represented by a sine curve (hence the name). This means that the air pressure increases and falls periodically like a sine function.<\/p>\n<p>In physics, a simple tone is only the sine wave. Sine waves do not exist in nature, because natural sounds are always created by vibrating matter, which always produces overtones (harmonic or\/and inharmonic) (a reason for this is given by Heisenberg&#8217;s uncertainty relation). But electronically, with tuning forks or with whistles you get very close to the sine wave.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musical_tone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musical_tone<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heisenberg%27s_uncertainty_principle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heisenberg%27s_uncertainty_principle<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-c1go8s-9f7705847a2e03dbcd6c3b429d9691ab'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-18' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-18' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-18' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Partial\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Partial\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Partial\">Partial<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-18' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-18' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Partial are all simple tones contained in a sound, including the fundamental and overtones. They are counted upwards from the lowest frequency. Partial tones can be harmonic or inharmonic. Harmonic partials oscillate with integer, non-harmonic partials with non-integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonic_series_(music)#Partial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harmonic_series_(music)#Partial<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-bf37bw-7f2631ebbf1c88fd94298428b4f22a51'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} {Musicology} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-19' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-19' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-19' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Tone (Complex Tone)\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Tone (Complex Tone)\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Tone (Complex Tone)\">Tone (Complex Tone)<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-19' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-19' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In music: A tone is a sound event that creates a pitch impression (natural tone). Natural tones have overtones and timbres.<\/p>\n<p>In physics: A tone is a sine wave (simple tone), i. e. a tone without overtones.<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to sinus waves, physics and music agree on the term tone. In physics, however, natural tones are called complex tones or sound mixtures, while in music they are simply called tone. The same applies to the term sound. This is important to note in the dialog.<\/p>\n<p>The physical image of a natural tone contains the consciousness of overtones from the outset. This kind of thinking can be helpful for musicians to learn to deal with the tone more consciously (e. g. choral phonetics).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musical_tone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Musical_tone<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-958j30-d73362b1ed7f2742ee5e8d761def8687'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-20' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-20' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-20' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Complex Sound\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Complex Sound\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Complex Sound\">Complex Sound<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-20' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-20' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A complex sound is composed of sine waves of any frequency, i. e. harmonic and non-harmonic. Noises are complex special forms of a tone mixture. If the partials are in a harmonious relationship to each other, one speaks of a complex tone.<\/p>\n<p>The more inharmonic partials the sound contains, the more it takes on the character of noise.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-ru9ik-bc8559019f41d196aa275d847c63b0d6'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Acoustics} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-21' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-21' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-21' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Complex Tones\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Complex Tones\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Complex Tones\">Complex Tones<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-21' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-21' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>When two or more natural tones are mixed, you acutally hear all their partials as a mixed chord. When several tones are played by musical instruments, you hear not only the fundamental tones but also their entire spectrum with all partial tone chords.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-5cfz4s-5ebec55e17925b90d44fd2fa9b978d98'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} {Voice} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-22' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-22' class='toggler  av-title-above '  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-22' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Vocal Tract\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Vocal Tract\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Vocal Tract\">Vocal Tract<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-22' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-22' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The vocal tract is the cavity formed by the pharynx, mouth and nasal cavity. It ranges from the glottis to the nostrils and lips. The sound of the voice is formed in this complex tube. Tongue shape, soft palate, lip and jaw opening determine the resonance frequencies through active movement, which produce the volume distribution of the partial tones of the voice.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6158 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/Vokaltrakt_trans-240x300.png\" alt=\"Vokaltrakt\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vokaltrakt_trans-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vokaltrakt_trans-600x749.png 600w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vokaltrakt_trans-565x705.png 565w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vokaltrakt_trans-450x561.png 450w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vokaltrakt_trans-564x705.png 564w, https:\/\/www.oberton.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Vokaltrakt_trans.png 625w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vocal_tract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vocal_tract<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/p><\/div><div  class='av-buildercomment av-3vhol8-cd97d2f85ad5e7511718cd9da85657e5  av-blog-meta-html-info-disabled'><\/div><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bc4mk-77e7e772145158d9eab845911c550b3a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-bc4mk-77e7e772145158d9eab845911c550b3a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-bc4mk-77e7e772145158d9eab845911c550b3a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-bc4mk-77e7e772145158d9eab845911c550b3a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-bc4mk-77e7e772145158d9eab845911c550b3a av-special-heading-h3 meta-heading  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_comments_list  avia-builder-el-last '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Tell a Friend<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"shariff shariff-align-left shariff-widget-align-left\" style=\"display:none\"><div class=\"ShariffHeadline\"><h3>Share<\/h3><\/div><ul class=\"shariff-buttons theme-round orientation-horizontal buttonsize-medium\"><li class=\"shariff-button twitter shariff-nocustomcolor\" style=\"background-color:#595959\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oberton.org%2Fen%2Fovertone-singing%2Ffaq-glossary%2F&text=FAQ%20%2F%20Glossary\" title=\"Bei X teilen\" aria-label=\"Bei X teilen\" role=\"button\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"shariff-link\" style=\"; 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